Glucose

Glucose is a simple sugar (monosaccharide) generated during phosynthesis involving water, carbon and sunlight in plants. It is produced in humans via hepatic gluconeogenesis and breakdown of polymeric glucose forms (glycogenolysis). It circulates in human circulation as blood glucose and functions as a essential energy source for many organisms through aerobic or anaerobic respiration and fermentation. It is mainly stored as starch in plants and glycogen in animals to be used in various metabolic processes in the cellular level. Its aldohexose stereoisomer, dextrose or D-glucose, is the most commonly occurring isomer of glucose in nature. L-glucose is a synthesized enantiomer that is used as a low-calorie sweetener and laxative. The unspecified form of glucose is commonly supplied as an injection for nutritional supplementation or metabolic disorders where glucose levels are improperly regulated. Glucose is listed on the World Health Organization’s List of Essential Medicines, the most important medications needed in a basic health system. It is grouped under the following drug class(es): Carbohydrates. The directory classifies it as a commercial API with a natural source/manufacturing origin. Other names for this substance include Glucosteril and Cartose. Its PubChem CID is 5793.